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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">judpract</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юридическая наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Juridical science and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0410</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2542-0410-2025-21-4-5-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">judpract-760</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Власть и бизнес в Средние века: правовые аспекты отношений (опыт Монгольской империи и ее улусов)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power and Business in the Middle Ages: Legal Aspects of Relations (Experience of the Mongol Empire and Its Uluses)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gatin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гатин Марат Салаватович, заведующий кафедрой истории Татарстана, антропологии и этнографии Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета, кандидат исторических наук, доцент </p><p> Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat S. Gatin, Head of the Department of History of Tatarstan, Anthropology and Ethnography of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor </p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marat_gata@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почекаев</surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochekaev</surname><given-names>R. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почекаев Роман Юлианович, профессор, заведующий кафедрой теории и истории права и государства Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в г. Санкт-Петербург, доктор исторических наук, кандидат юридических наук, доцент </p><p>Санкт Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman Yu. Pochekaev, Professor, Head of the Department of Theory and History of Law and State of the National Research University Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor </p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rpochekaev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абзалов</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abzalov</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абзалов Ленар Фиргатович, доцент кафедры истории Татарстана, антропологии и этнографии Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета, кандидат исторических наук, доцент </p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lenar F. Abzalov, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Tatarstan, Anthropology and Ethnography of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor </p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">len_afzal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустакимов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustakimov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мустакимов Ильяс Альфредович, доцент кафедры истории Татарстана, антропологии и этнографии Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета, ведущий научный сотрудник Национальной библиотеки Республики Татарстан, кандидат исторических наук </p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilyas A. Mustakimov, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Tatarstan, Anthropology and Ethnography of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Leading Researcher of the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan, Candidate of Historical Sciences </p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imus2007@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics” in St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная библиотека Республики Татарстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гатин М.С., Почекаев Р.Ю., Абзалов Л.Ф., Мустакимов И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гатин М.С., Почекаев Р.Ю., Абзалов Л.Ф., Мустакимов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gatin M.S., Pochekaev R.Y., Abzalov L.F., Mustakimov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://judpract.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/760">https://judpract.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/760</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются особенности правоотношений государственной власти и торговцев в Монгольской империи и ее улусах (Монгольская империя, империя Юань в Китае, монгольский Иран, Золотая Орда, Чагатайский улус). Исследуются источники правового регулирования торговой деятельности в чингизидских улусах. Статья содержит первый русский перевод и междисциплинарный комментарий ярлыка (указа) о назначении предводителя купцов из трактата «Дастур ал-катиб» персидского сановника XIV в. Мухаммеда Нахчивани. Анализ документа дает возможность реконструировать ряд правовых аспектов взаимодействия властей и торговых корпораций в Монгольской империи и ее улусах. Юридико-антропологический подход позволяет рассмотреть регулирование торговых отношений в государствах Чингизидов в виде не только совокупности нормативных актов, но и решений и действий и решений конкретных правителей, представителей властей и представителей торговых сообществ Востока и Запада с учетом анализа изменения экономической ситуации в соответствующих государствах и регионах. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is an analysis of specific features of relations between the state authorities and merchants in the Mongol Empire and its uluses (Yuan Empire in China, Mongol Iran, Golden Horde, Chaghatay Ulus). The sources of legal regulations of the trade in the Chinggisid uluses are studied. The article contains the first Russian-language publication and interdisciplinary commentary of yarlik (edict) on the appointment of the head of merchants from the treaty “Dastur al-katib” by Muhammad Nakhchivani, the Persian official of the 14th c. The analysis of the document gives an opportunity to re-construct some legal aspects of relations between authorities and merchant corporations in the Mongol Empire and its uluses. Legal anthropological approach allows to examine the regulation of the trade relations not only as a series of legal acts but also as specific actions and decisions of rulers and representatives of the trade societies of the Oxidant and Orient who interacted with them with taking into account the changes of the economic situation in the proper states and regions. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственное регулирование экономики</kwd><kwd>средневековая торговля</kwd><kwd>традиционное государство и право</kwd><kwd>Монгольская империя</kwd><kwd>монгольский Иран</kwd><kwd>Золотая Орда</kwd><kwd>империя Юань</kwd><kwd>мусульманское право</kwd><kwd>юридическая антропология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>state regulation of economics</kwd><kwd>medieval trade</kwd><kwd>traditional state and law</kwd><kwd>Mongol Empire</kwd><kwd>Mongol Iran</kwd><kwd>Golden Horde</kwd><kwd>Yuan Empire</kwd><kwd>Islamic law</kwd><kwd>legal anthropology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Издание осуществлено при поддержке Фонда Ибн Сины и на основании конкурса на соискание грантов имени Ибн Сины (проект № 2025.02.07).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication was carried out with the support of the Ibn Sina Foundation and on the basis of the competition for grants named after Ibn Sina. 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