Comparative Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties of the Russian Federation

Abstract

The paper analyzes bilateral investment treaties, one of the parties to which is Russia. The article compares the provisions contained in the 1992 and 2001 model agreements of Russia, as well as the provisions of the 2016 Regulations. The concepts of “foreign investor” and “investment” are considered, discrepancies in the concepts and wording used in treaties with different states are revealed. In a comparative aspect, the authors explore the operation of treaties over time, the use of the standard of fair and equal treatment, and the application of provisions on expropriation. The features of the formulation of the national treatment standard and the most favored nation treatment standard, as well as the umbrella clause are revealed.