Some initial provisions are determined in the study of the legal principles of the entry of a particular region into the Russian Empire – the Kingdom of Poland, while establishing the relationship of such categories as empire, multiculturalism and state unity. Attention is focused on the complexity, complexity and interdisciplinarity of the social category „empire“. On the basis of legislation, archival materials and scientifi c works, the conditions, ideas and means of including the territory into a single political and legal space of the imperial state are consistently considered. The author comes to the conclusion that the beginning of the integration of the Kingdom of Poland into Russia is characterized by the legal composition of incorporation, and not by a real union.

The article examines the issues of intellectualization of the judicial system, which consist in the organization of legal proceedings using information and communication tools, which is a fundamentally new configuration of organizational support for judicial activities and which are fundamentally different from the previously established familiar model. At the same time, the article examines the issues of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the fabric of justice, with the transfer of human cognitive properties and abilities to a digital subject, such as attention, memory and its flexibility, imagination, the ability to reason logically, and even ethical coordinates. At the same time, the author of the article provides arguments that exclude not only the transfer of artificial intelligence to the independent resolution of legal conflicts, but also its creation in general for the purpose of administration of justice.

The article states that with the development of the state and society of Greenland, the acquisition of self-government in 1978 and the expansion of the rights of self-government in 2009, the evolution of criminal and penal law, aimed at regulating the relevant relations in Greenland, in this region since the late 1950s began to form a regional probation service and prison system. In this system, the chief of police was the inspector of the remand center. Tasks related to long-term prisons, juvenile prisons, labor homes and regime institutions were assigned to the inspectors of the individual institutions. The execution of the above measures of deprivation of liberty was carried out under the centralised supervision of the Ministry of Justice (Prison Department). The supervision of probationers and the fulfilment of other conditions of probation was almost without exception entrusted to the private institution Dansk Forsorgsselskab. In the 1960s, several detention centers were opened, including for young people, but the number of places in these centers was not sufficient to meet the challenges facing the prison service. In the 1960s, several detention centers were opened, but the number of places in them did not allow the prison service to meet the challenges. Private detention centers were also established, sites were planned for the opening of forced labor centers (Juliannehob, Godthob, Egedesminde and K’or Kut) and in 1967 a prison for dangerous criminals in Gotthob, and construction of youth boarding houses, including for girls and especially for the mentally ill, began. The penitentiary system established in Greenland in the 1960s was developed in accordance with local political, legal, cultural and social conditions, in close cooperation with Greenlandic society and its representatives (National Council), the judiciary, the public and the Danish Prison and Probation Service.

The article states that the status of Greenlandic civil servants began to take shape with the incorporation of the island into Denmark as a county in 1953. Its foundations were laid by Act No. 154 of 07.06.1958 on salaries, pensions, etc. in Greenland, as amended in 1969, which established the characteristics and provisions of the Greenlandic civil service. The Public Service Act of 04.06.1971 clarified the duties of employees, suspensions, disciplinary proceedings, libel suits, dismissals, etc. The adoption of the Act on Greenland Self-Government in 1978 led to the introduction of the Act of 25.10.1979 on “conditions of salaries, pensions, etc. for civil servants”. An order of 16.06.1980 regulating the advertisement of civil servants’ posts in Greenland stipulated that the Government and municipalities must be consulted. On 15.12.1983, the Act on Public Servants in Greenland was amended. On 23.12.1988, the “Act on the Salaries of Civil Servants, etc. and the Classification of Public Civil Servants in Greenland” was adopted, and on 18.12.2003, the Act on Greenland Self-Government and Municipal Officials.

The formation of the legal status of civil servants in Greenland can be divided into 2 stages: 1) 1958–1978, when the legal status of Greenland was defined as one of the counties of Denmark, but with some specificity of administration and public service, caused by specific natural and climatic conditions; 2) 1978–2003, the period of the establishment and evolution of Greenland’s autonomy, the most important feature of which was the emergence and quantitative and qualitative development of the institution of civil servants subordinate to the autonomy authorities, which established rules for them based on Danish law.

The article examines current theoretical and practical issues arising in the qualification of theft. The authors conducted and presented an analysis of the problems of qualification related to the characteristics of legal liability and the distinction between theft and crimes that have identical characteristics. The work presents a number of arguments confirming the need for a clearer distinction between theft and civil, administrative, tax and other offenses. Proposals are put forward to eliminate contradictions in judicial practice in assessing and distinguishing crimes related to the secret theft of someone else’s property.

The author states the active use of the Shadow Internet by the criminal environment with a clear lag in forensic research of this level of the Internet. It should be borne in mind that although the Shadow Internet contains, according to various data, from 0.1 to 1% of the information of the entire Internet, but its active use for criminal purposes requires scientific study. The author examines the basics of the functioning of the Darknet network and states that the increased level of anonymization of this network is due to peer-to-peer interaction, onion and tunnel routing, mixing cascades, multi-stage data transfer and other methods. The article indicates that the main criminalistic methods of working with Darknet are aimed at hacking, extracting and researching information from some Darknet services, de-anonymizing and identifying users. The use of neural networks designed for Big Data analysis (Big Date) can be of great benefit in terms of de-an onymization of suspects on the Darknet network. The author off ers recommendations related to the use of peer—to-peer networks based on tunnel routing technologies 2IP (Invisible Internet Project – invisible Internet) and The Onion Router when working on the Darknet network. Summing up, the author states that the fight against illegal content and the use of the Shadow Internet for criminal purposes should be conducted comprehensively and systematically.

The paper provides a brief overview of various scientific approaches to determining the essential meaning of the concept of “embezzlement of budgetary funds”. The author considers the points of view of various researchers in the field of criminal law, criminology, criminology, and also gives an assessment of the degree of development of the concept under study. The paper draws conclusions about the direct relationship between terminological uncertainty and the effectiveness of activities to identify, disclose and investigate embezzlement in the public sector. The author expresses a judgment on the need to improve and unify the terminological apparatus in scientific research, as well as practical activities.