The article addresses the challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence (hereinafter – AI) in the academic environment. It is argued that traditional legal mechanisms for the protection of intellectual property and plagiarism control are insufficient in the context of generative AI. The necessity of shifting from an exclusively repressive model of control toward one that fosters trust and academic culture is substantiated. The article maintains that a combination of legal regulation of AI status and the formalization of academic ethics principles will help preserve authorship and the quality of scholarly works. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis and law enforcement practice, pathways to resolving these issues are proposed through the development and introduction of new norms into existing legislation.

   The article is devoted to the emergence of labor law norms in the legislation of the Russian Empire. An analysis of the regulatory legal acts that were in force during the era of the Russian Empire is provided. The problem of the emergence of labor law norms in Russian mining legislation has not been specifically studied in legal literature before.

   Moreover, the task of determining the role of the Ural Mining Administration in this process has not been set, so this topic is relevant both from the point of view of historical research and for a better understanding of the processes taking place today.

   In studying this phenomenon, we link the process of systematizing this legislation with the emergence of large-scale factory industry and the state’s active participation in the development of this sector.

   The article analyzes the regulation of the socio-legal space of Ancient Rus with the adoption of Christianity by the princely authorities and the reception of Byzantine-Slavic church law. It summarizes the process of sanctioning by the authorities of the Slavic-Byzantine sources of church law and their application in the activities of church institutions in the functions delegated to them by the state.

   The author concludes that with the development of church-state relations, the princely authorities legalized the provisions of church law in the Princely Church Statutes and Charters, which became the basis for state legislation on church affairs in Ancient Rus.

   The article examines the civil law treatment of the property of the Union State of Russia and Belarus in the context of the special legal status of such an interstate union, which has independent international and civil legal personality and belongs to international organizations, and the need to address to private international law in regulating property relations with its participation. In addition to the international rules of the law of the Union State contained in international treaties between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus and the normative legal acts of the Union State, it is proved that such a regime should be determined in accordance with the applicable civil law of the Russian Federation or the Republic of Belarus based on the various conflict-of-laws rules depending on the type of a property (things or intangible assets). It is argued that the property of the Union State as belonging to an international organization should be classified as a type of public property, which is different from state and municipal one in the Russian Federation and republican and communal one in the Republic of Belarus. In addition, the legal problems in the implementation of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus “On the Regulation of Property Issues of the Union State” have been identified and analyzed, taking them into account in further improving the law of the Union State, including the adoption of normative legal acts by its authorized bodies, in the field of property relations.

   The article substantiates that bankruptcy should be qualified not as a variety of enforcement proceedings and not as a form of enforcement of a judicial act in the narrow sense, but as an independent judicial form of compulsory debt repayment.

   The legal nature of bankruptcy is shown through a set of features: the collective satisfaction of creditors’ claims, the universality of the bankruptcy estate, judicial control, proportional distribution and the need to balance private and public interests.

   It is argued that the thesis that bankruptcy must not substitute enforcement proceedings should be understood not as a general duty to exhaust individual enforcement measures before filing a bankruptcy petition, but as a limit aimed at preventing bad-faith use of insolvency procedures.

   Bankruptcy thus occupies an independent place within the system of state coercive measures: it serves the same purpose of compulsory satisfaction of claims, but achieves it through a different, collective procedural model.

   The article is devoted to the issue of the limits of discretion of the parties to the legal relationship when deciding on the admissibility of the assignment by the supplier (contractor, executor) to a third party of the right to claim a monetary obligation within the framework of a concluded state (municipal) contract. Taking into account the analysis of theoretical works, judicial practice and explanations of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, the study identified three main approaches. At the same time, despite the consistent position of the judicial authorities on the admissibility of the assignment of the right to demand payment, the author comes to the conclusion that there are associated risks due to the impossibility of changing the payment procedure as a significant condition of the contract. In addition, the unresolved issue in special legislation and the absence in the adopted judicial acts of the procedure for authorizing the payment of monetary claims to a third party create additional obstacles in the implementation of certain procedural aspects within the framework of this mechanism.

   Based on an analysis of scientific literature and judicial practice, this article examines the application of the principle of pacta sunt servanda to employee-employer relations.

   The author concludes that applying this principle to labor relations would limit the arbitrary interpretation of employment contract provisions and supplementary agreements and contribute to the development of a unified standard for assessing employee and employer behavior.

   The author believes that the ideas of contractual stability and reasonable expectations underlying pacta sunt servanda would allow for the unification of the principles of freedom of labor and freedom of economic activity for a single purpose: the realization of constitutionally significant values of respect for the working person and economic and social solidarity.

   This article examines foreign legal regulation of relations related to video games.

   It is noted that domestic law does not fully regulate relations arising from video games.

   At the same time, foreign legal systems already have provisions dedicated to the legal regulation of such relations and the interaction of parties to civil transactions involving video games. The article demonstrates various options for codifying new legal phenomena, which have no tangible form, in foreign legal systems. However, this alone is clearly insufficient. The author proposes necessary amendments to domestic consumer protection legislation to consolidate the legal regime of video games and define the rules for interaction between parties to the transaction.

   Article 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation raises the question of whether any knowingly false information provided by a witness can result in criminal liability under this provision. The authors of the article argue that it is necessary to limit the range of false testimony that may be the subject of this crime to only those that contain information about facts and circumstances subject to proof and of material significance in a criminal or civil case. However, law enforcement practice in this area is inconsistent. In order to achieve uniformity in law enforcement, it is proposed to clarify the wording of paragraph 27 of Resolution No. 20 of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2022, “On Certain Issues of Judicial Practice in Criminal Cases Concerning Crimes Against Justice.”

   The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the «thieves» «Code of Honor» as a system of unspoken norms and values of professional crime in Russia. It is shown that the origins of the formation of criminal rules of behavior go back to the pre-revolutionary era, where their content was influenced by communal traditions, class structure and a number of other factors. During the Soviet period, the Code of Honor performed regulatory, identification and consolidating functions, adapting to changing political and socio-economic conditions. In the post-war and late Soviet years, the «thieves» norms became more pragmatic, the emphasis on the economic component and interaction with the authorities increased, which led to a double morality and a partial weakening of the previous strictness. In the post-Soviet period, Russia has seen the desacralization of «thieves’ concepts» and the loss of their role in regulating criminal relations, as a result of which professional crime has shifted from a model of collective survival to individualized strategies where material gain and situational adaptation have become a priority.

   The article analyses the transformation of domestic crime in the context of societal informatization. Based on the analysis of statistical data for 2004–2024, key trends are identified. It is established that the dynamics of serious violent crimes in Russia follows the pan-European downward trend, while less serious and sexual offences demonstrate significant specificity. A recording paradox is revealed: despite an overall decline in registered “alcohol-related” crimes (from 440 thousand in 2016 to 178 thousand in 2024), their share in the structure of serious violent crimes remains high (up to 70 % under Article 111 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), indicating problems in crime recording discipline. It is proven that digitalization processes do not weaken but rather transform social control, contributing to the “rationalization” of criminal behaviour and the isolation of new types of deviance, particularly in the sphere of cyberpornography.

   The conclusion is drawn about the need to revise the classical concept of crime “domestication” considering digital realities.